莱布尼茨实体思想研究-外国哲学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 “实髂”是嚣方餐学变羔麴棱，§蓬畴。从吉零鞲矗溺今天，茏 数哲擎家围绕它腥开了自己孵蓠学体系。霹黻说，骞什么样瀚实体 学说，就柱什么样盼形上学系统。实体思想趋莱布飕菠褥学的基石。 穗粒窦钵思怒不燕糖嬲复杂，丙展箨鬻零教逮分露予穗熬著露中。 把莱希尼茨的实棒罨怒系统遣蹙瑷出来，并加以深入浅岛的说嚼和 一定程度憋发挥，是对莱布鼹茨褥学研究嚣港有慧义憋工作。 菜蠢燎茨黠实体的零疑规定憝“力”。它不只爱浚交钒辗运韵状 态的原因，而且憝精神活动的原动力。“力”是形上学语义上的不W 分鹃点，没肖广楚秘鏊豹属性。它也被称戈单子。璇器是壹蠢数不 阕凌妻冬单纯实嚣缀成豹。各个实俸之麓瓣内在活动暴剿熬不麓和添 性程度的不一，澎成了实体的智慧等级。这种等级是实体相置凝聚 鹣基磷。漱于单子蠡赛麴嚣溺性，各单子之润没鸯实醛豹沟逶。然 褥，上帝笼天静诿节{挈鼯《捷它销秘谐掴楚。 在莱布尼茨那羼，物质、表氖与知擞、质与爨、空间与时间、 霆我等菹璃与实侮密翻德关。美予这些蕊畴，链溪述豹基本麓念舂： 物质越模糊表象盼糯象；表蒙燕“力”的最基本麓漭动；单予只有 质的规定性面无爨的属性；“力”是空间与时间的原因，空间与时间 是鞠鼹予“力”鹣滔貔嚣装簸定瓣；鸯我楚攥示“力”熬赘密翡途 径。 菜农照茨的实体恩怨与茭时代境猿是密不霹分的。它包含饕一 些辫秘主义瑷念，蠢藏教会妥协憋弱辍经。毽德氇巧妙邀薏邋瞧雾 意识的能动性抬升到同时代其他思想家没有使之达到的高度。他的 多元实律溉是其实钵思想戆一大特色，蹶海当ll重缝大部分蜇学窳都 撩一元或二元实髂飘。蘧豹安侮思想对予黧今A辩舞麓获取丰富豹 知识、开发创造潜能，从而成长为全面的人才，有一定的指导意义。关键词：莱布尼茨、实体思想、单子、力、局限、意义 知识、开发创造潜能，从而成长为全面的人才，有一定的指导意义。 关键词：莱布尼茨、实体思想、单子、力、局限、意义 II ABSTRACTccSubstance’’is ABSTRACT ccSubstance’’is a kernel category in the history of western philosophy． From ancient Greek to naw，many畦妇豳澎燃have been developing their philosophical system by focushag Oil this category．Different theories of substance will lead to different systems of metaphysics。司锵theory of substance serves 8s the foundation of Leibnizs philosoph)；This theory of his is not only terribly complicated but also scattered in his works．It is a perfectly significant attempt to clear systematically up and to make an easily understandable explanation and a somewhat expanded development for his theory ofsubstance． Leibeniz defined the essence of substance as‘force’that is not merely the cause to alter the states of mechanical movements but also the original drive of spiritual actions．Force，named also as monad，is a metaphysically indivisible point that has no attributes of extension and quantity．弱e world is made up of innumerable pure substances of different quality。The differences of intrinsic principles of action and of degrees of activity among all substances bring forth a hierarchy of wisdom that acts as the foundation for the mutual cohesion of substances。C如vin