锁(locks)-保证了并发控制(cc)的正确性但又限制了系统的扩展性(scalability)..pptxVIP

锁 (Locks): 保证了并发控制 (CC) 的正确性 但又限制了系统的扩展性 (Scalability) 怎么办？; 计算机 系统和应用进程的三个阶段;计算机系统本质是什么？;Number of Concurrent Processes;Throughput drops after reaching peak (MySQL);Latency increases as # threads increase to contend locks ;High Performance Computing is Scale-up based; Same Efforts to achieve high Scalability in BD systems; A sustained scalability is archived in large data systems by finding a proper balanced point between parallelism and latency;Concurrency Control (CC);OCC executes a transaction in three phases: Phase 1: concurrent local processing Reads tuples into a read set Buffers writes into a write set Phase 2: Validation in critical section Validates whether serializability is guaranteed: Has any tuple in the read set been modified? Phase 3: Commit the results in critical section or abort Aborts: aborts the transaction if validation fails Commits: installs the write set and commits the transaction ;Validation;;Serializability Theorem;OCC: Serializable Scope;OCC’s Problem: False Aborts;Issues and Challenges ;Number of Concurrent Processes;BCC: Balanced Concurrency Control;Outline;Basic Structure of BCC;;If T’s read set remains the same, commit T. Otherwise: (1) Validating T2: If T is wr-, ww- or rw-dependent on T’s concurrent transactions. (2) Validating T1: Only when T1 is a snapshot transaction, can happen after T2 commits. If T is a snapshot transaction the transaction T is anti-dependent on also has anti-dependency. ;BCC’s Implementation;System Efforts: Minimizing Various Overheads;Evaluation;Comparable Performance in Low Contention;Effectiveness in High Contention (2PL is better than OCC);Effectiveness in High Contention (2PL is close to OCC);Effectiveness in High Contention (OCC is better than 2PL);Conclusions;系统研究总结;Balance: an Eternal theme of Human and Physical world平衡：一个人类和物理世界的永恒主题 ;Number of Concurrent Processes;价格是一个市场供需平衡的结果;一个革命性但没有平衡点的经济理论;谢谢！