拖延的决策模型.docVIP

:原文出处: : 原文出处: 内容提要: 张顺民/冯廷勇 拖延的决策模型 Decision Model for Procrastination 张顺民，西南大学心理学与社会发展研究中心，心理学部 （重庆400715）；冯廷勇（通讯 ）（ fcngtyO@sTO. cdu. cn）,西南大学心理学与社会发展研究中 心，心理学部（重庆400715） 《心理科学》（沪）2017年第20175期 第1242-1247页 拖延是指尽管预见到该行为会带来不利后果，人们仍自愿 推迟开始或完成某一计划好的行为。先前的研究对拖延的 类型、影响因素、成因以及干预等方而进行了广泛的探讨, 然而拖延的决策过程一一“现在做还是以后做？ ”认知机 制还非常不清楚。因此，本文提出拖延决策模型试图从三 方面阐明“现在做还是以后做？ ”的决策机制首先，拖 延动机和不拖延动机的斗争是决定是否拖延的根本；其次, 拖延动机的斗争可以进一步简化为任务负性过程和任务正 性结果的权衡；最后，主动推迟任务使负性过程发生延迟 折扣是拖延的核心目的。拖延决策模型不仅有助于探明拖 延的核心认知机制，也能够帮助预测拖延行为的发生及解 释各种影响因素的作用机制，因此未来的研究可以借此整 合一个从拖延的核心发生机制到各种影响因素的理论系统。 Procrastination is to voluntarily delay am intcndcd course of action despite expecting to be worse off for the dclay.Despite progress in dclincating charactcristics emd correlates of individual diffcrcnccs in procrastination tendencies, relatively neglected questions concern the decision of procrastination. As dny attempt to procrastinate things inevitably involves the decision between doing it now or later,this kind of decision can be considered as a key component of predicting procrastination. Thus approaches about predicting procrastination can be further simplified as a decision making process of determining doing things now or later.In order to disclose the cognitive mechanism of deciding do it now or latcrz，, we proposed a decision model for procrastination in the current manuscript. In this model we argued that (1) motivational competition between procrastination and timely engagement is the rooted process for determining to prolong a task or not. Specifically, humans tcndcncy to procrastinate should mainly stem from the task avcrscncss when engaging the specific task. On the other hand,a motivation to timely undertake a task usually stems from the related rewards the task can bring or the associated punishments that people are trying to avoid through completing the task. (2)Therefore,this motivational combat can be simplified as comparison between avcrscncss of engaging in task and rewards(or punishments)from the task