梁启超与第一次世界大战的中国外交研究-中国近现代史专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 梁启超作为近代民族资产阶级奠基人之一，深知辛亥时局下中华民国时代转型的坎坷 与曲折，一贯坚持“开明专制”下建设世界国家的理想，先后同执掌中华民国北京政权的 北洋军政强人袁世凯与段祺瑞携手。然而此间恰逢第一次世界大战在欧洲拉开帷幕，中华 民国随即宣布中立，日本却以英日同盟为据，趁欧洲列强火并之际，出兵青岛，扩大侵路， 强力交涉“二十一条”，独霸中国野心，路人皆知。梁启超以高度的爱国主义为旗帜，自 觉地阐发了反对日本帝国主义侵略，捍卫国家主权与领土完整的外交思想，一方面强烈地 谴责与揭露日本妄图吞并中国的野心，一方面质问与愤懑袁世凯当局的妥协外交与帝制内 政路线，构成了此时梁启超与袁世凯时期外交与内政关系。随着第一次世界大战的结束进 程加快，是否放弃中立国地位，加入协约国阵营，对德奥参战，以及依靠谁来参战一时成 为内政与外交的焦点。梁启超，力拥段祺瑞依靠日本实现参战的方式，力主对德宣战，支 持与拥护段祺瑞“中日亲善，全面亲日”的外交路线，并参与部分“西原借款”，后经巴 黎和会《山东问题换文》一事，全面认清了段祺瑞的军阀本质。一战结束后，梁启超亲赴 巴黎和会，利用国内外舆论，全力阐述与开展国民外交思想，深化了公理战胜强权的外交 思想。 关键词： 梁启超；开明专制； 第一次世界大战； 民国外交 ； III Abstract As one of modern founders of the national bourgeoisie, LIANG Q i-chao knew that the times of Republic of China transformed full of frustrations under the background of Xinhai. He persisted in building the dream of world country in the “enlightened autarchy”. Therefore, he cooperated successively with strong men of the Northern Warlords——YUAN Shi-kai and DUAN Qi-rui, Who had been at the helm of Beijing Government of Republic of China. However,it was the period —— the First World War took place in Europe and Republic of China declared its neutrality. Under the cover of European wars, Japan se nt an army into Q ingdao, expanded its invasion and vigorously negotiated “Twenty-One Demands” according to England and Japan’s league. Japanese ambition of dominating China was known to everyone. LIANG Qi-chao consciously elucidated his diplomacy thought under cover of the height of the patriotism. His diplomacy thought was against Japanese imperialist aggression and to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. On the one hand, he strongly condemned and revealed Japanese ambition of annexing China. O n the other hand, he examined YUAN Shi-kai’s route of compromising diplomacy and autocratic domestic affairs. They were LIANG Q i-chao and YUAN Shi-kai’s relationship of diplomacy and domestic affairs in this period. With the course of the First World War becoming faster and f