20XX年劳动生产率和比较优势李嘉图模型.ppt

Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Table 3-4 China versus Germany, 1995 对比与纠错： On average， they found that Chinese productivity was only 5percent of that of Germany, and that in 1995 total Chinese manufacturing output was still almost 30 percent less than Germany’s total manufacturing production. In apparel (that is clothing), however, Chinese productivity was closer to German levels. Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Table 3-4 China versus Germany, 1995 对比与纠错： China still had an absolute disadvantage in clothing production, with only about a fifth of German productivity. But because China’s relative productivity in apparel was so much higher than it was in other industries, China had a strong comparative advantage in apparel—and China’s apparel industry was eight times the size of Germany’s apparel industry. Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ★考察重点 比较优势概念 李嘉图的比较优势理论 计算题的练习: 课堂作业1,2，课本课后习题1-5题。 Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 古典国际贸易理论 1 重商主义的贸易观点 2 亚当.斯密的绝对优势贸易理论 亚当.斯密简介 亚当.斯密的自由贸易思想及观点 绝对优势贸易理论模型 绝对优势贸易理论的先进性与局限性 3 大卫.李嘉图的比较优势贸易理论 大卫.李嘉图简介 大卫.李嘉图的贸易思想 比较优势贸易模型 比较优势贸易理论评介 Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 小结 Summary A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good is lower in the country than it is in other countries. A country with a comparative advantage in producing a good uses its resources most efficiently when it produces that good compared to producing other goods. The Ricardian model focuses only on differences in the productivity of labor across countries, and it explains gains from trade using the concept of comparative advantage. Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 小结 Summary (cont.) When countries specialize and trade according to the Ricardian model; the relative price of the produced good rises, income for workers who