精简版 超声诊断先心病.ppt

* * * Down-direction turbulent spectrum with high speed Thank you for your attention! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Congenital Heart Disease Represent discontinuity of the ventricular septum that results in left to right shunt across the inter-ventricular septum. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Classification Peri-membranous VSD Infundibular VSD Muscular VSD Pathophysiology VSD LV RV PA PV LA LV Ultrasounic findings Peri-membranous VSD Discrete discontinuity or echogenicity dropout of the Peri-membranous ventricular septum Peri-membranous large VSD Peri-membranous large VSD Peri-membranous large VSD Red shunting in systole through ventricular septum Bidirectional shunting or predominant right-to-left shunting In systolic, right-to-left shunting In diastolic, left to right shunting Subarterial VSD Muscular VSD Muscular VSD Left to right turbulent spectrum in systole. The maximum velocity can reach 4 m/s Indirect findings Dilation of left heart Dilation of the pulmonary artery Patent Ductus Arteriosus ( PDA) In fetus, the ductus arteriosus is a normal physiological passage. This vessel joins the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. The ductus arteriosus normally closes after birth. If it does not close after birth than one year, the abnormal passage is formed. Classification Tube type Funnel type Window type Pathophysiology PDA AO PA PV LA LV AO Clinical manifestations Echocardiography findings Tube type of PDA Short axis view of the great arteries Funnel type of PDA Enlargement of the left atrium and ventricle Turbulent in whole systole and diastole Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Tetralogy of fallot consists of four anatomic defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septum defect (VSD), overriding aorta and right