论《国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约》中的监护权-法学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 摘 要 《国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约》作为海牙国际私法会议最成功的条约之 一，其旨在建立一套国际司法行政协助机制，确保尽速交还被拐儿童至其惯常 居所地国，并同时兼顾被拐儿童与其他近亲属之间的探望权，保护儿童身心健 康发展。其中，第五条规定的监护权，使得儿童的返还更为迅速，他们的监护 权也能够得到更完善的保护，然而，正是因为关系到了儿童的返还，关于监护 权自身的问题从公约生效起就充满了争议。 本文从《国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约》中监护权的内容、确定依据以及 承认三个方面对监护权进行了分析，分析了监护权的所包含的两个方面的权利， 即决定儿童住所的权利和照顾儿童的权利。公约中的监护权产生于法律的规定、 司法或行政决议和具有法律效力的协议。第十五条所规定的监护权的承认，其 主要针对的公约问题，而不是国内法问题。对于国内法上的问题，请求国仍可 以提出，但应严格限定其适用条件，而且基于国家之间的相互礼让和尊重，请 求国应对被请求国法院所作出的判决给予相当地尊重。 其次，介绍了公约对各国以及在国际上的影响，挑选了大陆法系和英美法 系的代表国家进行了详细地分析，并阐述了相应的国际公约和这些国际公约所 确立的机制。最后，转到中国，论述了我国大陆地区加入《国际诱拐儿童民事 方面的公约》的必要性以及可行性。 关键词：诱拐 监护权 国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约 I Abst Abstract Abstract As one of the most successful Hague Convention on family law instruments, The Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction seeks to combat parental child abduction by providing a system co-operation between Central Authorities and a rapid procedure for the return of the child to the country of the child ’s habitual residence. In this Convention, item 5 contains the right of custody, which is an auto nomous concept, but instead of an exact definition, the Convention defined the right of custody by giving examples. By this way, more cases are governed by the Convention, as a consequence, the return of the child is more rapid and their right of custody can be protected more effectively. However, because it covers the return of child, the disputes on the right of custody emerged since the Convention took effect. In this article, the building-block of the right of custody, where the right may arise and the cognition of right are analysed and some ideas are put forward. The right of custody contains two rights, which are the right to decide the residence of child and the right to take care of child. The source of the right of custody of the Convention is by o peration of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of an agreement having legal effect under the law of that State. The cognition of right of