论土地征收中“公共利益”的确定程序-宪法学与行政法学专业论文.docxVIP

1 1 中文摘要 公共利益在法律体系中包括一般公益与重大公益之界分，土地征收中 的公共利益应当是特指重大公益。公益是一个不确定的概念，从实体的角 度对其界定是困难且难以形成统一共识的。“程序形成公益”是界定公益上 的一个新思路，具有法理上的正当性基础，因为公益的不确定性、难以验 证性以及防范公益界定的恣意恰与现代程序理念相契合。“程序形成公益” 包括立法、行政、司法三层内涵。立法意义上的“程序形成公益”是指公共 利益应当经由立法程序形成具体、明确的公益事项，避免概括的行政授权； 行政层次则指通过正当的行政程序，如听证程序、公益目的调查与咨询程 序等保证公益事项的具体实施；司法层次则是通过具体的个案实现公益的 最终内涵，即通过司法程序实现公益在个案中的具体衡量与判断。 关键词：公共利益 程序 行政权控制 土地征收 1 1 Abstract The public interests in legal system are separated into the general one and the grave one and the public interests should be classified into the later one. The public interest is an ambiguous concept that could hardly reach the agreement from the perspective of the objects. So the principle of “procedures create the public interests” is new idea which is based on the justification in jurisprudence as the public interests are uncertain and difficult to test and the precautions on the violations of the public interests are respondent with the idea of modern procedures. So the “procedures create the public interests” embodies three aspects of the legislated, the administrative and the judicial. Firstly the “procedures create the public interests” under the meaning of legislation is that the public interests should be formed as the specified and clear public affairs by the legislations not the general summary by the administrative authorized; secondly the principle under the administrative level indicates that the just administrative procedures such as the hearings, the investigations and inquires under the public purpose and such detail measures to protect the public affairs above; and thirdly the principle in the judicial level is that the final context of the public interests exhibit by the detail and single cases which is that the balances and judgments in the every cases through the judicial procedures. Key words: public interests; procedures; the supervisions on administrative power; expropriation of lands 1 1 目 录 引 言 1 一、土地征收中的“公共利益” 2 （一）一般公益的存在 2 （二）德国法上公益与重大公益的区别 3 （三）