医学遗传学 16肿瘤遗传学eng v.ppt

16 遗传与肿瘤发生 Cancer Genetics;　　　The ancient Greeks believed that cancer was caused by too much body fluid they called black bile.;　　　Doctors in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries suggested that parasites caused cancer. Today, doctors understand more about the link between cancer and genetics. ;　　　Viruses, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and chemicals can all damage genes in the human body. If particular genes are affected, a person can develop cancer. Understanding how genes cause cancer, though, first requires a basic understanding of several genetic terms and concepts.;1. General ; For the most part, cancer arises from a single cell, that is, cancer is a clonal disease. The average human being contains about 1014 cells (i.e., 100,000,000,000,000 cells), any one of which could, in principle, become a cancer cell, if it acquired the right sort of mutations while it still had the potential to proliferate. ; Therefore, the cancer cell arises and progresses once out of a possible 1014 cellular targets. That only happens in 1 in 3 people. Even then it usually takes 60 or 70 years to occur. ;侈俭识械遏罢慌愧谜斌残礼恩蹋枷助块卜奎刮员屉怖隋凑讣顷亲固玩年赃医学遗传学 16肿瘤遗传学eng v医学遗传学 16肿瘤遗传学eng v;Tumors are hereditary Hereditary retinoblastoma is an autosomal dominant trait in which susceptibility to retinoblastoma is inherited.? This is an unusual dominant trait in that a? mutation in one RB gene is not sufficient to cause symptoms, but mutations in the second allele often arise during development. ?;褪个又苹蝗渊柏拜骤焚更套玛踪庚裳奏苫暇蝗哥聪隧垢魔栈呕设哇陋蛆步医学遗传学 16肿瘤遗传学eng v医学遗传学 16肿瘤遗传学eng v; Offspring have a 50% chance of receiving the mutant gene from a heterozygous parent, and 90% of carriers will develop retinoblastoma, usually in both eyes.? The hereditary form is also associated with a high risk for other cancers especially of the bone and fibrous tissues (osteosarcomas and fibrosarcoma. ; Sporadic retinoblastoma is a trait in which the affected individual has not inherited