介入性放射学概论.ppt

肺部包块穿刺活检 * What is Interventional Radiology Interventional radiology can be defined as a specialty where radiologists use imaging techniques or modalities to guide percutaneous invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The procedures are called percutaneous procedures, because as opposed to surgery, they are done through the skin using a needle stick or a small cut down technique. The procedures are usually simpler and safer, less traumatic, less painful, less invasive and in general as effective , and more cost-effective than comparable surgical procedures. Interventional procedures can be divided into two broad categories, angiographic and soft tissues or vascular and non vascular. The angiographic procedures predominantly involve the use of catheters and guidewire combination within the vascular system. Percutaneous vascular procedures include infusion of drugs, percutaneous occlusion (embolization), percutaneous ablation of organs, percutaneous dilatation (angioplasty), percutaneous placement of transcatheter devices (stents and stent/grafts), and foreign body retrieval. The soft tissue procedures, or the non vascular procedures, include the use of needles, trocar, catheters and guide wires within the bile ducts, the urinary system, the tracheobronchial tree, and other systems and cavities. The abilities of these procedures include localization, percutaneous needle biopsy, percutaneous drainage, percutaneous dilatation and stent placement, and ostomy formation. Imaging guidance for percutaneous interventional procedures includes the use of fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography (CAT scan), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of fluoroscopic guidance and visualization of the image in a monitor is also called telepresence. * Cardiovascular and interventional radiology is an exciting, growing and evolving subspecialty of radiology in which both vascular and nonvascular diseases are treated by percutaneous approaches using small cathet