表面活性剂分类.ppt

硫酸酯盐Sulfuric Acid Ester Salts 烷基硫酸盐(Sulfated Linear Primary Alcohols) (AS) [CH3(CH2)nOSO3Me] 硫酸化油脂Sulfated Triglyceride Oils Produced by sulfation of hydroxy group and/or double boud in fatty acid portion of the triglyceride (Iodine values碘值：40-140). Mainly castor oil 蓖麻油used(12-hydroxyoleic acid), but also fish oils, tallow牛脂, sperm oils鲸油. 磷酸或多磷酸酯盐 Phosphoric and Poly-phosphoric Acid Esters （2）阳离子型表面活性剂CATIONICS—— 表面活性片段是阳离子 长链胺及其盐Long-Chain Amines and Their Salts； 二胺、多胺及其盐Diamines and Polyamines and Their Salts； 季铵盐Quaternary Ammonium Salts; 氧化胺Amine Oxides 长链胺及其盐 Primary amines [CH3(CH2)11-17NH2] , Secondary [R1(R2)NH], Tertiary amines [R1(R2)NR3]. 二胺、多胺及其盐 for example:[CH3(CH2)nN(CH3)1-2H]HCl 季铵盐 四烷基氯化铵（ R2N+(CH3)2Cl- ） 咪唑啉（Imidazolinium salts） 氧化胺(Amine Oxides) Table 1-1 Some Uses of Cationics Resulting from Their Adsorption onto Solid Substrates （3）两性离子型表面活性剂ZWITTERIONICS (AMPHIONICS)——表面活性片段是两性离子 for example, RN+H2CH2COO- (long-chain amino acid), RN+ (CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-(sulfobetaine). 弱碱型：例如氨基酸型[CH3(CH2)nNH2CH2CH2COO] 强碱型：例如甜菜碱型[CH3(CH2)nN(CH3)2CH2COO] pH-Sensitive Zwitterionics: weak acid weak base weak acid strong base strong acid weak base pH-Insensitive Zwitterionics strong acid strong base weak acid weak base 1、?-N-Alkylaminopropionic Acid, RN+ (H2 )CH2CH2COO- IEP at pH ~ 4. Very soluble in aqueous solutions of strong acids and alka1ies, even in the presence of electrolytes like NaCl. Solubility is low in most organic solvents, including ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Adsorb from aqueous so1ution onto skin, textiles,fibers, and metals. 2、烷基亚氨基二丙酸盐 （N-Alkyl-?-iminodipropionic Acids）, IEP, pH l.7-3.5. More soluble in water than corresponding mono-propionic acid derivatives. Show very low order of skin and eye irritation. May be removed from substrates onto which they have adsorbed at pHs below their iso-electric points by raising the pH. Uses