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Practice Test #1 Critical Reasoning (72 Questions) 1. (24179-!-item-!-188;#058000705) Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earths crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument? 推理过程：fullerenes在实验室和自然环境中都存在 因为laboratory synthesis of fullerenes要求distinctive conditions，因此可以用来推断自然中形成fullerenes的地壳的状态。 推理是由实验可以推自然状态，答案一定要讲实验和自然联系到一起 (A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation. 只是说确定自然中含有fullerenes需要认真实验，属于说东道西 (B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft. 说别的东西上也有fullerenes和文章推理无关，属于无关新变量(其实B选项改一下就可以是正确答案：fullerenes can also be found on the remains of meteorites,在外星形成，跟地球无关) 只是说相撞，没说掉到地球上的陨石，更不清楚这个meteorite是不是地球飞出来的 (C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed. 只是说fullerenes怎样形成的，没有把实验和自然建立联系，属于说东道西 (D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure. 正确，关键词unknown说明在实验室是不可知的，所以无法用实验推自然，虽然都是S，但是两个S不同，所以属于否定A型削弱 (E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions. 文章说fullerenes，Shungite只是fullerenes存在的一个载体，和结论无关属于说东道西 2. (24227-!-item-!-188;#058000711) Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly persons chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified. 老年人摔跤治疗要花费$11,000，