LT1001N休闲和旅游业环境(1).pptVIP

LT1001NThe Leisure and Tourism Environment Lecture 5 Producers and Consumers Lecture Content The commercial sector in leisure and tourism The commodification of leisure – ‘the leisure product’ Commercial partnerships: leisure, retail, hospitality and entertainment Home-based and virtual leisure Leisure as consumption Characteristics Requires mass participation Caters for popular mass activities rather than specialisms Market driven Highly competitive Requires profit and growth for survival Creates additional demand through marketing strategies Characteristics Growth stimulated by mass media (press and television) Emphasis on customer sovereignty Exploits ‘willingness to pay’ - determines pricing strategy Focus on passive consumption activities High volume, high cost, high throughput Characteristics Some providers monothematic But most now tend to be involved in more than one leisure activity Commercial sector leisure corporations First Leisure Rank Leisure Leisure parks and plazas Often located on margins of cities (Evans – ‘the new leisure periphery’) Characteristics - ‘consumption’ Commercial sector increasingly markets leisure and tourism as ‘consumable products’ Postmodern thinking Reflects contemporary lifestyles Leisure: Rojek, C., ‘Decentring Leisure’ Tourism: Urry, J., ‘Consuming Places’ Strengths and Weaknesses of the Commercial Sector Strengths Able to identify, stimulate and create demand Consumer orientation Variety of provision Marketing skills Impacts on other sectors Weaknesses Generally mass provision Market determines price Affordability? Minority groups neglected? DevelopmentMiddle Ages Early roots of commercialism: Drinking (taverns) Gambling (wagers on rough sports and tavern games) Prostitution Circuses, travelling entertainers, fairgrounds DevelopmentLate Industrial Revolution - 1840-1900 Growth of mass markets Workers with ‘disposable income’ Early capital investment in commercial leisure: Music Hall (by 1866, 33 in Lond