课件：生理学英文细胞BasicFuncionofheCell.pptVIP

① many of them give most cells an overall negative surface charge (repels other negative objects ② glycocalyx (糖蛋白结合复合物) attaching cells one to another ③ act as receptor substances for binding hormones (insulin) ④ some carbohydrate moieties enter into immune reactions Transport of substances through the membrane Passive transport (被动转运) All molecules and ions in the body fluid are in constant motion. The greater the motion is, the higher the temperature will become. The molecules move from higher concentration to low one. This continual movement of molecule among one another in liquid, or in gases, is called diffusion. Diffusion depends on concentration difference and potential difference, without the necessity of supplying energy, called passive transport. THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 Simply diffusion A simple physic diffusion without the necessity of bind with carrier proteins in the membrane. Characteristics of simple diffusion ① Only fat-soluble substances (O2 CO2 NO etc.) can diffuse through the lipid bilayer in the membrane ② diffusion is a passive process, needn’t energy ③the rate of diffusion is determined by the concentration difference (concentration gradient), the velocity of kinetic motion, the number and size of openings in the cell membrane through which the molecules or ions can move, by the potential difference for ions ④ the time for diffusion is direct proportion to square of diffusion distance Facilitated diffusion (易化扩散) carrier – mediated diffusion need a specific carrier protein helping it to do so Characteristic of facilitated diffusion ① specificity (特异性) Na+ channel only for Na+ ion not for Mg2+ ion ② competitive inhibition (竞争性抑制) Depending on the concentration of substances and its affinity to carrier ③ saturation (饱和现象) generally speaking, diffusion is direct proportion to concentration gradient, there is limitation of facilitated diffusion to Vmax level, relating to quantity of carrier proteins Amo