055-夏季室内高温对人体工作效率昼夜节律的影响研究.pdf

夏季室内高温对人体工作效率昼夜节律的 影响研究 ☆ △ 华北电力大学 李珂 郑国忠 吕玉珍 卜文涛王雅静 摘 要：近些年夏季高温天气频发，对于长期处于非空调环境的人员，其工作效率更易 受到室内高温的威胁，而昼夜节律的应用有利于减少安全事故的发生。为探讨室内高温环境 下青年人工作效率的昼夜变化，本文选取 10 名健康大学生为受试者，选取室外最高温度为 28℃、32℃、36℃和 38℃共四种温度工况，连续 24h 记录其反应时和主观工作意愿，同时 监测其生理参数，并通过余弦法分析数据作统计学处理。结果表明，四种温度工况下，受试 者的反应时和主观工作意愿均表现出昼夜节律性；高温对主观工作意愿昼夜节律的影响主要 体现在中值和振幅的降低，对反应时的影响主要体现在中值的降低；即使在高温环境下，额 头温度与反应时依然呈现负相关，因此可以用简单易测的额头温度作为评估个人绩效水平的 预测因子。 关键词：室内高温；工作效率；昼夜节律；余弦法 Abstract ：High temperature weather frequently appears in recent years. And the work efficiency of indoor personnel is more vulnerable to high temperatures. Studying in the circadian rhythm of the work efficiency is conducive to the decrease of the safety accidents. In order to investigate the diurnal variation of work efficiency in indoor high temperature environment, 10 healthy college students were selected as subjects and the hourly maximum outdoor temperature of the experiment day was selected as 28℃, 32℃, 36℃ and 38℃, respectively. Subjects’ response time, subjective work willingness and physiological parameters were measured for 24 hours in non-air conditioning environment, and the original data was analyzed by cosinor method. The results indicated that the response time and subjective work willingness showed circadian rhythms in the four temperature conditions. The effects of high temperature on the circadian rhythm of subjective work willingness mainly reflected in the decrease of median and amplitude, while the effects of high temperature on the circadian rhythm of response time mainly reflected in the decrease of median. In addition, even in high temperature environment, forehead temperature and eardrum temperature showed a significant negative correlation with response time. Therefore the forehead temperature could be considered as a predictor to assess the level of individual performance. Keywords: Indoor high temperature,