应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 4 chemical 2课件.pptVIP

Lesson 4 Chemical Bond 116 C?N 138 C?N 143 C-N 120 C?C 133 C?C 154 C-C Bond Length (pm) Bond Type Covalent Bond Lengths Bond Lengths Triple bond Double Bond Single Bond The energy required to break a particular bond in one mole of gaseous molecules is the bond energy. H2 (g) H (g) + H (g) 436.4 kJ Cl2 (g) Cl (g) + Cl (g) 242.7 kJ HCl (g) H (g) + Cl (g) 431.9 kJ O2 (g) O (g) + O (g) 498.7 kJ O O N2 (g) N (g) + N (g) 941.4 kJ N N Bond Energy Bond Energies Single bond Double bond Triple bond Covalent Bond Energy Frequency in Hz 3 x 1020 3 x 1016 3 x 1012 3 x 108 3 x 104 Dissociation Ionization Vibration Rotation Light-Matter Interactions Vibrational Modes of Water Infrared light Infrared Spectrum of Water 1000 1500 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) Absorbance 1000 2000 3000 Liquid Gas Reveal the interactions between molecules and their environments Infrared Spectrum of Caffeine 1000 2000 3000 Wavenumber (cm-1) Absorbance Identification of compounds Lab 1 * H F When Atoms Meet Bonding Forces Electron – electron repulsive forces Nucleus – nucleus repulsive forces Electron – necleus attractive forces Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Metals and Nonmetals Types of Chemical Bonding 1. Metal with nonmetal: electron transfer and ionic bonding Three models of chemical bonding Electron transfer Ionic Types of Chemical Bonding 1. Metal with nonmetal: electron transfer and ionic bonding 2. Nonmetal with nonmetal: electron sharing and covalent bonding Three models of chemical bonding Electron transfer Electron sharing Ionic Covalent Types of Chemical Bonding 1. Metal with nonmetal: electron transfer and ionic bonding 2. Nonmetal with nonmetal: electron sharing and covalent bonding 3. Metal with metal: electron pooling and metallic bonding Three models of chemical bonding Electron transfer Electron sharing Electron pooling Ionic Covalent Metallic 9.1 The outer shell electrons of an atom