应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 6.pptVIP

Polymers occur naturally in the form of proteins, cellulose (plants), starch (food) and natural rubber. Engineering polymers, however, are usually synthetic polymers. The glass transition temperature is the temperature at which there is only enough energy for motions (3) and (4) to occur. Below the glass transition temperature processes (1) and (2) are frozen out. This makes the material is glassy below Tg and rubbery above Tg. Factors Influencing Glass Transition Temperature Determination of the Glass Transition Temperature Lesson18 Discovery of Polyethylene and Nylon Polyethylene Nylons * * Unit 6 Polymers A polymer is a material whose molecules contain a very large number of atoms linked by covalent bonds, which makes polymers macromolecules. Polymers consist mainly of identical or similar units joined together. The unit forming the repetitive pattern is called a mer or monomer. One-dimensional Polymers One dimensional polymers are most common. They can occur whenever 2 reacting chains join to make a chain. Two-dimensional Polymers Two dimensional polymers are rare, the best example of one would be graphite. Crystalline Diamond is an example of the 3-dimensional crystalline polymer in which carbon is linked to four corners of the tetrahedra and these are packed with long range order in space to form a lattice. Three-dimensional Polymers These are linear, one-dimensional polymers which have strong intramolecular covalent bonds and weak intermolecular Van Der Waals bonds. At elevated temperature, it is easy to melt these bonds and have molecular chains readily slide past one another. Thermoplastic Polymers Thermosetting Polymers These are three-dimensional amorphous polymers which are highly crosslinked (strong, covalent intermolecular bonds) networks with no long-range order. Rubbers and Elastomers Fibers Liquid Crystals Thermosetting Polymers These are three-dimensional amorphous polymers which are highly crosslinked (strong, covalen