应用化学专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 黄忠 谢普会 付颖 主编lesson 7 Nomenclature of organic compounds 1课件.pptVIP

Finale I think this covers everything that you should know and be able to do for naming basic alkanes and cycloalkanes. As we add more families (alkenes, alkynes, etc) we will build on this “foundation” of nomenclature rules… Good luck… Tert-butyl Groups The other is formed as a fragment on the one central carbon, (CH3)3C-, which is called “tert-butyl” What alkyl groups do you see? There’s two groups attached to the ring below. What are they? What alkyl groups do you see? The group in red has two carbons and is an ethyl group. The group in blue has four carbons. Three in a row and the extra attached at the middle carbon. Its an isobutyl group. What alkyl groups do you see? There’s two groups attached to the ring below. What are they? What alkyl groups do you see? The group in red has three carbons attached at the middle carbon and is an isopropyl group. The group in blue has four carbons, in a row, attached at one of the middle carbons. It’s a sec-butyl group. More about Prefixes… Every prefix needs a position number… And prefixes are always alphabetized by their first letter: Methyl is an “m” Ethyl is an “e” Propyl is a “p” Isopropyl is an “i” Sec-butyl is a “b”… (Say what??) Alphabetizing Prefixes… Sec-butyl and tert-butyl both have a descriptive prefix that tells you the structure of those alkyl groups... (the prefix has a prefix!) When alphabetizing, we do NOT use these descriptive prefixes (like sec- or tert-) to alphabetize… Continuing with Prefixes… If you have multiples of the same prefixes, like two bromines in the same molecule, you COULD name them separately or you could combine them into a single prefix name and include “di-” in front to indicate TWO of them. 3,4-dibromohexane! Continuing with Prefixes… Di-, tri- and tetra- are more prefixes for the prefixes. Remember - when alphabetizing for names, prefixes are never alphabetized using a “prefix” like di- or sec-. Sec-butyl is a “b” Dimethyl is a “m” Name the following molecu