你的心理学学习生活Prologue The Story of Psychology.ppt

Prologue: The Story of Psychology Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience? Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science Is Born Empiricism Knowledge comes from experience via the senses Science flourishes through observation and experiment Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879) Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Functionalism focused on how behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science Develops Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist James--American philosopher Pavlov--Russian physiologist Freud--Austrian physician Piaget--Swiss biologist Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership Prologue: Psychology’s Roots Definition of Psychology The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings) Prologue: Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Big Issues Nature-nurture controversy the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors Prologue: Contemporary Psychology Natural selection principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations Prologue: Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Perspectives Prologue: Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Perspectives A lot depends on your viewpoint Prologue: Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Subfields Basic Research Biological psychologists explore the links between brain and mind Developmental psychologists study changing a