异色瓢虫自相残杀行为的研究.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 3 异色瓢虫自相残杀行为的研究 摘 要 异色瓢虫是捕食蚜虫的一种优势天敌昆虫，具有很强的捕食特性。刚孵化的幼虫即开始摄食，如果附近没有可供捕食的蚜虫，则蚕食未孵化的瓢虫卵，甚至同胞幼虫。本文初步研究了异色瓢虫的自相残杀行为。田间捕捉异色瓢虫成虫若干，成对饲养在培养皿（20×100mm）中,用蚜虫做食源，每天收集卵块，在20～28℃,RH70％～85％的室内条件下单独饲养，各年龄段虫体供试。通过异色瓢虫对卵的捕食行为统计，发现随着龄期增长幼虫的取食能力和耐饥饿能力明显提高。在无猎物对象时，不同大小虫体间会发生明显的蚕食现象，尤其是4龄幼虫，具有很强的攻击力，重复试验后发现，4龄幼虫在饥饿状态下，具有攻击羽化成虫的行为，且取食能力和攻击力较强于刚羽化成虫，这可以有效的解释人工释放瓢虫进行生物防治回收率低下的问题。在试验中作者发现，异色瓢虫各年龄段存在的自相残杀行为对于其种群生存和繁衍具有重要意义，也有利于人们更好地利用昆虫行为发展天敌昆虫，保护农作物高产、优质、高效。 关键词：异色瓢虫；自相残杀；取食行为；攻击；生物防治  AN RESEARCH ON THE CANNIBSLISM OF THE ASIA LADYBIRD BEETLE ABSTRACT The Harmonia axyridis Palls, preys on the aphid , is one kind of superiority predatory insect. When hatched, the larvae will start to eat food, the ladybird also eat its eggs or sibling brother, if there were not sufficient aphid. This article mainly examined the ladybirds’ cannibalism under labortary conditions. Initial adults collected from field, reared individually in petri dish(20×100mm), cereal aphids were used as prey. Eggs masses collected daily and maintained in conditions of 20～28℃, RH70%～85%.When the larvae hatch, they were transferred into a glass tube(25×145mm) individually, all stadiums of larvae were tested. Under the laboratory condition carried on the Harmonia axyridis to prey on the behavior statistics to the egg, finally discovered eats the ability along with the age time growth and bears the hungry ability distinct enhancement. Under the specific condition, the larva individual can occur obviously predation, 4th instars have the very strong striking power in particular, after the revision test discovered, 4th instars have attacked adult of its emergence under the hungry condition, and the ability and striking power strong with adult of 1d, this might the effective explanation manual release ladybirds under the biological preventing and controlling returns-ratio’s question. The author discovered in the experiment that the Harmonia axyridis various larvaes’ cannibalism behavior has the vital significanc