故这样的群体称孟德尔式群体GeneticstructureGeneticvariation.PPT

Decreasing of Selection Pressure q ＋ M×10－6 × n = 2q q M×10－6 n ＝ AD disease ↑1 time AR disease XR disease ↑1 time/3generations XD disease ↑1 time Genetic Drift Genetic drift : 是指在小的隔离群体中，由于个体间婚配机遇不等，可以使某些基因在群体中丢失，另一些基因在群体中固定，造成群体遗传结构明显改变的现象。或将这种小的隔离群体中基因频率的随机波动称为随机遗传漂变。 Isolated Island Model AA×AA AA×Aa AA×Aa AA×aa Aa×Aa Aa×AA aa×AA Aa×AA Aa×Aa Aa×Aa Aa×Aa Aa×aa aa×Aa aa×Aa Aa×aa aa×aa AA Aa Aa aa AA Aa Aa aa AA×AA aa×aa 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Generation 25 Frequency of allele A 2500 250 ABO frequency of American indians North America：IA 0.018; IB 0.009; i 0.973 Blackfeet: IA 0.5 Founder effect A high frequency of a mutant gene in a population founded by a small ancestral group. Migration The difference of allele frequency between two populations Number of immigrators (gene) Migration pressure * * Chapter 8 Population Genetics Population genetics investigates genetic structure and genetic variation of population. Mendelian population is a group of interbreeding individuals, who live in the same place and share a common set of genes (gene pool). Population 同一个物种生活在某一地区、能够相互交配并能产生具有生殖能力后代的个体群，该群体可利用孟德尔规律分析其传递规律，故这样的群体称孟德尔式群体。 Genetic structure Genetic variation Gene Frequency Genotypic Frequency Mutation Selection Genetic Drift Migration Marriage Gene Frequency Genotypic Frequency Gene frequency: 是指群体中的某一基因在其等位基因的总数中所占的比率。 （一般用小数表示）。 Genotypic frequency: 是指某种基因型个体占该群体个体总数的比率。 Incomplete dominance codominance Phynotype Genotype Phynotypic Frequency Genotypic Frequency Gene Frequency PTC gustation Incomplete dominance 1000 High 480 TT Middle 420 Tt Low 100 tt TT = 0.48 Tt = 0.42 tt = 0.10 p = TT + 1/2Tt = 0.48 + 1/2×0.42 = 0.69 q = tt + 1/2Tt = 0.10 + 1/2×0.42 = 0.31 MN Blood Type Codomi