牛津高中英语模块五 U1 Grammar and usage.pptVIP

Infinitive 表 语 主 语 宾 语 不定式 宾语补足语 定 语 状 语 1. to do as a subject The cat said, “To take roller coaster is terrible.” The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster! 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 it作形式主语，不定式作真主语常见句型: a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…) + 不定式 c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式 2. to do as a predictive 当句子的主语是aim，idea，policy，question，suggestion，wish，task，duty，job，purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 当不定式充当表语的时候，表示具体动 作或是将来要发生的动作。如: 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies. PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语，两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为。 e.g. 1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking. 3. To do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next  time!” (Tips:不定式否定为not to) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如：agree，afford，tend，ask，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，learn，intend，manage，offer，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish b) 只有少数介词如but，except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do，does，did时，通常省略to。 e.g. We have no choice but to wait. = We can do nothing but wait. 4. to do as an object complement You should get them to help you. (They will help you.) (常用谓语动词有：get，ask，force，order，tell，invite，allow，wish，want，like，expect，advise，beg，cause，persuade，teach，warn，hate，permit，forbid，encourage等。) 通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里: verb + sb./ sth. + to do sth. Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语，常用的动词有: make，let，have，see；hear，watch，notice，feel；look at，listen to；help，observe 等， 但是句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to。 ① 能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt，decision，promise，plan等。如： His eagerness to finish his homework was qu