我国大型煤矿项目建设环境社会问题及其对策.docxVIP

我国大型煤矿项目建设环境、社会问题及其对策 耿海清 (国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心，北京100012) 摘 要：根据国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心2001-2006年间的煤矿项目统计数据，对我 国近年來新一轮煤矿建设高潮的特点进行了归纳，认为环境和社会影响主要表现在生态破坏严 重、水资源压力加大、居民搬迁问题突出、资源综合利用水平不高4个方面.通过分析，认为坷 境管理屮的主要问题是规划环评滞后、管理政策模糊、搬迁问题没有得到充分重视和生态补偿机 制缺失.针对上述问题，提出了 4条对策建议，即大力推进规划环评、实行差别化环境管理、桧 搬迁问题纳入城镇规划和建立煤炭行业生态补偿机制. 尖键词：煤矿；坏境管理；规划环评；生态补偿；搬迁安置 中图分类号：X322 文献标识码：A The ma h environm ental sochl problem s h Chha s large coal m he con struct ion and the coun term ea sures GENG Hailing (Appniisal Center for Envin)wn ent Eng ineering. State Envin)mi ental Pm tec! ion Acbn in islm lion. B eijing 100012, China) Abstract: Due lo the last industrialization and urbanization, the number of China? s lai^e proposed coalmines in2 creases veiy fast in recent years There are 144 environmental inpact assessnent reports which were subm itted t SEFA during 2001 ——2006 So how b reconcile the coal m ine bitatbn and the enviionmentaI social pioblem \ became u咚ent China? s sustainable devebpment strategy Based on the analysis of data in coal m ine expbitatbn field, it is po in ted out that there are fourmain p rob lem s in lhe m anagan en t of coa 1 sec Ide the SEA (Strategic En? viionmenta 1Assessnent) lags beh ind the practica 1 needs, the policy and policy un it is not clear, the m igratbn i? neglected, ecobgica 1 compensai)ry mechanisn is absent In regand t) these pioblenis, four countemeasures are bmught foiwand: accc lc ra ting the cxccu tbn of SEA, comp a rtn cn ta lizing typ ica 1 zone for environmental managed ment, m ak ing resettlement in coal d istric t mo re canonical, installing eco bgica 1 comp en sa to ry m echan isn in coa m ine industry Key words: coalmine; enviionnentalmanagement; strategic environmental assessnent; ecobgical canpensation; resettlement 我国是世界上煤炭剩余可采储量超过千亿吨的3个煤炭大国之一，根据英国石油公司的能源统计数 据，2()05年中国煤炭剩余可采储量为1 145亿t,位居美国和俄罗斯Z后，居世界第3位，占世界总储 量的20175%.与煤炭相比，我国石油和天然气储量较小，仅24125亿t和20 169亿m\分别占世界总 储 量的1150%和1112%,人均占有量更是远远低于世界平均水平.这一能源赋存态势，决定了煤炭在能源 收稿日期：2007-08- 14 责任编辑：柳玉柏 基金项目：中国-欧盟生物多样性