肌细胞的收缩功能简化版.ppt

Types of smooth muscle 1. Single-unit smooth muscle: The whole muscle responds to stimulation as a single unit. This occurs because each muscle fiber is linked to adjacent fibers by gap junction. 2. Multiunit smooth muscle: Because these muscles have few gap junctions, each muscle fiber responds independently of its neighbors, and the muscle behaves as multiple units. 粗肌丝、横桥与细肌丝的关系 Pulling thin filaments inward by the bend of cross bridges is directed toward the center of the thick filament. Each thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments, all the which are pulled inward simultaneously through cross-bridge cycling during muscle contraction. 钙瞬变与肌肉的收缩与舒张 动作电位在引起肌细胞收缩和舒张前，引起胞质中游离钙浓度的上升和下降。 胞质中发生这种钙的波动，称为钙瞬变。 钙瞬变上升速度快，肌细胞缩短速度快；钙瞬变幅度大，肌细胞缩短幅度大。 钙瞬变下降速度慢，肌细胞舒张变慢。 肌肉收的形式和力学分析 Isometric contraction（等长收缩）: When a muscle develops tension but does not shorten. (长度不变, 张力增加) Isotonic contraction（等张收缩）: When a muscle is shortening but its tension remains constant. (长度缩短,张力不变) 等张收缩举例An example of isotonic contraction 手臂可以提起一个物体时的状态 Lifting an object: When the tension developing in your biceps becomes great enough to overcome the weight of the object in your hand, you can lift the object, with the whole muscle shortening. Because the weight of the object does not change as it is lifted, the muscle tension remains constant throughout the period of shortening. This is isotonic contraction. 等长收缩举例An example of isometric contraction 想提起一重物, 但太重提不起时的状态 Try to lift an object: What happens if you try to lift an object too heavy for you , that is , if the tension you are capable of developing in your arm muscles is less than that required to lift the object ? The muscle cannot shorten and lift the object but remains at constant length in spite of the development of tension. This is an isometric contraction 前负荷 Preload and后负荷 Afterload 前负荷: 肌肉在收缩前就加上肌肉上的负荷. The force required to stretch the muscle to lengths beyond 2.0 ?m). 后负荷: 肌肉开始收缩后遇到的负荷. The we