句子五种基本结构.pptVIP

英语句子的五种基本结构 陈凯恩 一、 句子基本成分（members of a stentence）： 主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate 宾语 Object 定语 Attribute 状语 Adverbial 表语 Predicate 补语 Complement 同位语 Appositive 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型： 句型一: 主+谓 S+V 句型二：主+系+表 S+V+P 句型三：主+谓+宾 S+V+O 句型四：主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+谓+宾+宾补 S +V +DO +OC 基本句型 一 主＋谓 S＋V 该句型中的动词为不及物，不及物动词词义自身完整，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under the tree. S V(不及物动词) 1. Time 2. I 3. The moon 4. They 5. He 6. He 7. They 8. The man 9. We all 10. The little birds flies. see. rose. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday . is playing. have gone. cooked. eat, and drink. dispeared soon. 基本句型 二 主＋系＋表 S＋V ＋P 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 除了Be系动词外，还有一些动词可以用作系动词，如： 1.表示感官的动词，处于某种状态。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. 2.表示转变变化的动词，状态的改变. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc. S V（谓语） P（表语） We This is The dinner everthing The weather His face The madicine The machine are is smells looks became turned tastes goes Chinese. an English book. good. different. warmer. red. awful wrong. 基本句型 三 主＋谓＋宾 S＋V ＋O 该句型的特点： 谓语必须为及物动词或及物动词词语，宾语必须是名词或者相当于名词的成分。也就是说，谓语动词不能够表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 S V(及物动词) O（宾语） We I He He She Tom They Lily love like knows enjoys laugh at said ate made our country. music everything reading. her. “Good morning”. some apples. cakes. 注意一： 带V-ing做宾语的动词有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used to, give up etc. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework. 注意二： 带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，