浅论违约责任与侵权责任的竞合.docVIP

PAGE 7 浅论违约责任与侵权责任的竞合 法学专业学生 凌萱 指导老师 曾玉珊 摘要：违约责任、侵权责任是两种性质不同的民事责任。侵权责任保护的是固有利益，在合同签订、履行过程中可能有侵权性违约行为、违约性侵权行为发生，产生违约责任与侵权责任竟合的问题，《合同法》第122条赋予了当事人请求选择权，才使得将民法上侵权责任、缔约过失责任、违约责任在合同法层面上有了比较的可能与必要。本文在分析两种责任共同点的基础上，试图从违约责任与侵权责任的竞合的概念，他们的表现形式以及对此的处理三方面对侵权责任与违约责任进行比较区别，从本质上对这两种责任在理论和实践上有一定的认识。 关键词：违约责任；侵权责任；竞合 On Concurrence of Liabilities for breach of Contract and Liability for Tort Student majoring in law LING Xuan Tutor ZENG Yushan Abstract: Breaking contracts and the infringement are different civil case duties of two kinds. What the duty of the infringement protects is a proper benefits. When signing, implementing in the process of the contract, it may have the infringement to break contract behaviors, the occurrence default of behavior infringements, and produce the default duty mixed with infringement duty problems. 《Contract Law》Article 122s gives the party concerned claim options, which makes civil law infringement duty, roughly mistake duty, break contracted duty have comparative of possibility and necessity on the level of Contract Law. This thesis on the analysis the foundation of the common point of two kinds of duties try to compare differences between these two kinds duties from three aspects such as duty for benefits, breaching producing, undertaking the duty, make up for losing and ( alleviate) origin of matter. In order to understand essentially these two kinds of duties, it is theoretically practice and have important meanings. Key words: coincidence; liability for tort; for default 法国学者黑尔维希曾断言：“一个法律构成要件只产生一个请求权。”这一观点曾被西方学者奉为请求权行使的重要原则。但是，现实中各种违法行为有其复杂性和多样性的特点，致使上述原则不断受到挑战，不可避免地发生了责任竞合的现象。 一、违约责任与侵权责任竞合的概述 （一）竞合概念和特征 在社会行为中通常会发生这一行为既违反合同的民事责任又侵害他人人身权利的情形，这就构成了两种行为的竞合，为了了解这一法律概念，我们首先要知道什么是竞合！所谓竞合就是指由于某种法律事实的出现而导致的两种或两种以上的权利产生，并使这些权利之间发生冲突，而在裁判上仅能取其一而排除其他的情况。 责任竞合有三个特点，即：责任竞合是因某个违反义务的行为而引起的；某个违反义务的行为符合两个或两个以上的责任构成要件；数个责任相互冲突。 （二）违约责任和侵权责任竞合的概念和特征 违约责任是违反合同的责任，侵权责任为侵犯人身权、财产权所应承担的民事责任。当某一行为人实施的某一违约行为,有违约行为和侵权行为的双