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西南交通大学本科毕业设计(论文) 第 PAGE II页
毕业设计(论文)
改性活性炭对城市污水厂出水中污染物模拟吸附性能的实验研究
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专 业: 给水排水工程
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第 PAGE 33页 共 NUMPAGES 133页
西南交通大学本科毕业设计(论文) 第 PAGE I页
摘 要
当前,污水处理厂常规处理工艺之后出水污染物中仍然含有大量的污染物(如重金属,表面活性剂,芳香类化合物等等)。因此,在我国,应当开发一些进一步的技术来改善从废水处理厂排放的水质
活性炭是一种良好的吸附剂,具有巨大的比表面积和化学稳定性。活性炭吸附技术因其诸多的优点,在国内外得到日益广泛的应用,例如:设备简单,不产生二次污染等。
而在过去的十年里,很多学者越来越重视活性炭表面官能团的作用,并进行了大量的研究,发现化学官能团作为活性中心来高效率地去除污染物,并且可以通过氧化改性、还原改性和负载金属改性等来改进效率。
本论文旨在对城市污水处理厂代表性工艺出水水质中污染物进行收集,分析。然后选择一些代表性的传统的处理工艺去除困难的污染物(苯酚,氯仿,Pb2+和Cd2+)。而活性炭用硝酸氧化改性或者负载金属氧化铁改性后,进行了一些探索性实验,以评估改性后活性炭的处理效率
实验结果表明:硝酸氧化改性的活性炭对金属离子Pb2+和Cd2+都有较好的明显的去除效果,而且硝酸浓度为7.2mol/L时吸附率最高,改性效果最好。但是硝酸氧化改性的活性炭对有机污染物苯酚和氯仿的去除,没有明显的效果,甚至有反作用。而负载金属氧化铁改性的颗粒活性炭则在处理四种污染物时吸附率都有提高。
关键词:活性炭; 改性; 负载铁离子改性;吸附
Abstract
Nowadays, the effluents still have a large number of pollutants (eg. heavy metals, surfactants, aromatic compounds, etc.) even though some conventional treatment processes have been performed in waste water treatment plant. Therefore, some further technologies should be developed to improve the discharged water quality from waste water treatment plants in our country.
Activated carbon is an excellent adsorbent for the high surface areas and chemistry stability. Adsorption technique with activated carbon is comprehensively being applied in home and abroad for its number advantages, such as, simple equipment, no second pollution, and so on.
However, the researches in the past decates show the surface functional groups on the activated carbon act as the active centre for efficient removing pollutants and can improve the efficiency through oxidation, reduction, impregnation or others.
This study firstly collected and analyzed, the main pollutants in wastewater treatment plant, and then selected some representative target pollutants (phenol chloroform Pb2+ and Cd2+) which were difficult in removing with a conventional treatment process. Afterwards the modified activated
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