第四讲分离膜材料表征方法.ppt

* * * * * * * * Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) WAXD scan of TMBPS-based polyimide membranes 2Θ intensity Polyimide membranes： (a) TMBPS-BTDA (b) TMBPS-ODPA (c) TMBPS-6FDA e+ Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) Ps polymer chains size distribution mean hole volume PALS measurement results Distributions of o-Ps lifetime and free-volume for polystyrene Liu J, Deng Q, Jean Y C. Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 7149. de equivalent diameter de PALS measurement characteristic The physics of matter-antimatter annihilation allows to extract nanoscale materials information specific to the location at which the annihilation takes place. Suitable for probing the sub-nanometer voids in bulk polymers A good calibration in the diameter range from 0.3 to 30 nm A low energy poistron beam(0.1-10keV) provides a non-destructive and non-intrusive porosimetry. PALS measurement instrument 导电性 稳定性 （抗氧化性、机械强度、热稳定性） 使用性能（电池实验） （阻钒性能、库伦效率、能量效率） 4.3 离子交换膜的表征 掌握基本手段和方法，满足实际研究与生产目的需求，创新和探索准确、快捷、便宜的膜材料表征技术。 膜表征的原则 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第四讲：分离膜材料表征方法 4.1多孔膜的表征 4.2 致密膜的表征 4.3 离子交换膜的表征 膜表征技术的分类 PTFE membranes Definition of pore size（ IUPAC） Macropores pore size 50nm mesopores 2nm pore size 50nm Micropores pore size 2nm Microfiltration membrane (macropores) Ultrafiltration membrane (mesopores in top layer) 0.1~10?m 1~10nm Schematic drawing of a porous and a nonporous membrane Structure-related parameter Pore size Pore size distribution Top layer thickness and surface porosity Permeation-related parameter Cut-off measurement The permeation parameters are difficult to related directly to the structure parameters because the pore size and shape is not very well defined. Characterization of porous membranes Ideal and actual structure in the top layer of ultrafiltration membrane Characterization techniques for microfiltration membranes Scanning electron microscopy Bubble-point method Mercury intrusio