论老子的文明批判理论.docVIP

摘 要 文明是指人类在认识、改造世界的过程中，所创造的财富的总和，它是逐步 形成的思想观念以及不断进化的人类本性的具体体现，是社会发展到较高阶段表 现出来的状态。本文主要通过对老子所处时代的思考、总结，并通过对其人、书 及其相关文献资料的分析、研究，论述老子对既有文明的反思与批判，从而阐明 老子的文明批判理论。对既有文明的批判，从本质上来讲，就是老子对于当时现 存文明的超越与创新。任何的文明批判，都只有在对批判对象的超越和创新的基 础上，才能真正在看透批判对象的缺乏和不足的同时，发现其积极的思想成果， 并且以新的学说和理论真正克服之，这样的文明批判也才有其意义。老子的文明 批判理论主要目的是纠正当时的道德指向，防止当时的文化异化，控诉当时的统 治者，警示剥削、战争以及贪欲等等黑暗政治环境对于社会的危害。老子希望通 过提倡“天人合一”，宣扬“道法自然”、“无为而治”等道家思想，从而达到构 建人与人、人与社会以及人与自然和谐共荣的自然世界的愿景。老子对既有文明 的批判具有永恒的开启性与警世性作用，老子呼唤人们从外物所累、所役的悲苦 中觉醒起来。他希望从宏观上，在思想领域引导人们去追求精神自由，提高人生 境界，从而使我们在完成自我价值的同时又实现了对社会的贡献、自然的保护。 老子对既有文明的批判，在当时的思想领域起到了很大的冲击作用，有利于文明 的发展与进步。并且在很大程度上，对当代文明的发展也具有一定的促进作用和 借鉴意义。 关键词：老子 既有文明 批判 理论 I 万方数据 Abstract Civilization refers to the sum of wealth created by human beings in the process of understanding and changing the world. It is the embodiment of the gradually formed concept of human nature and the evolving of it. It is a higher stage for the social development. Through thinking and summarizing the characteristics of Lao Zi’s time; analyzing Lao Zi, his books and other related documents, this paper mainly discusses Lao Zi’s reflection and critique of civilization, thus showing Lao Zi’s critical theory of civilization. Criticism of civilization, in essence, is the transcendence and innovation of civilization for Lao Zi. Only on the basis of transcending and innovating the critical object can any criticism of the lack and insufficiency of the critical object of civilization be understood thoroughly, meanwhile it can be found the positive thinking results; what’s more, it can be truly overcome on the new theory, which makes the civilized criticism significant. The main purpose of Lao Zi’s critical theory of civilization is to correct the morality of that time, prevent the cultural dissimilation, accuse the ruler and warn exploitation, war and greed, etc. that is the harm of the dark political environment to society. Lao Zi hopes to build the harmonious co-prosperity of the natural world between people, people and society, and