2016届高考冲刺阅读理解专题八_科普知识类.pptVIP

* * 专题八　科普知识类 专题 八 │科普知识类 专题导读 专题 八 │ 专题导读 科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨，逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点： 专题 八 │ 专题导读 1．文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。 2．句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。 3．常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。 真题再现 专题 八 │ 真题再现 [2010·山东] Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful，problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller，lighter and more efficient. 专题 八 │ 真题再现 “To provide enough power，we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)，”said Jae Kwon，assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.“The radioisotope (放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.” Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery，presently the size and thickness of a penny，intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS)．Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns，Kwon said they are safe. 专题 八 │ 真题再现 “People hear the word ‘nuclear’and think of something very dangerous，”he said.“However，nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices，such as pace-makers，space satellites and underwater systems.” His new idea is not only in the battery’s size，but also in its semiconductor(半导体)．Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. 专题 八 │ 真题再现 “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy，part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor，”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconduct