从能量角度粗谈人体的几个定量问题Severalquantitative-生命的化学.pdf

· 588 · 生命的化学, 2013, 33(5): 588-595 《生命的化学》2013 年33 卷5 期 综述 从能量角度粗谈人体的几个定量问题 康建胜 ( 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所，上海200031) 摘要：本文构思源于线粒体的功能研究，从能量角度，分析了静息状态下裸露的人体散热及功耗，其 1/2 1/3 1/8 中辐射散热占 以上，对流散热约 ，排泄散热约 ；进而讨论了人体所需食物、氧和水；同时探 讨人体生理温度的维持，粗略计算了人体理想最低功耗及负熵量，提供了满足个体需求的简便算法， 为越来越流行的节食减肥或节食长寿留下可供参考的红线。 关键词：负熵；熵；散热；食物；氧；水；生理温度；线粒体 Several quantitative questions about human body from the view of energy KANG Jiansheng (Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China) Abstract: Inspired by the functions of mitochondria, we discussed several quantitative questions about human body under resting conditions, such as the heat dissipation and dissipated power of human body; the quantity of food, oxygen and water consumed by human body. As for naked human body under resting conditions, radiation accounts for more than half of the dissipated body heat, while convection and evaporation account for about 1/3 and 1/8, respectively. In addition, we probed into the temperature maintenance of human body, and calculated the ideal minimum dissipated power of human body and its negentropy, which provides a personalizable warning threshold as calorie restriction is getting more popular for aging and adiposity. Key words: negentropy; entropy; heat dissipation; food; oxygen; water; body temperature; mitochondria · 生命是什么？奥地利理论物理学家埃尔温薛 状态下的人体散热及人体功耗、人体所需的食 定諤(Erwin Schrödinger)在1944年写的What is life书 物、氧和水，并探讨人体生理温度的维持、人体 中第六章指出，生命赖以生存的特征是必需从环 理想最低功耗以及相应的负熵量。 境获取负熵(