绿色化学原理.pptxVIP

第三章 绿色化学原理绿色化学的12个原理：1 污染预防优于污染治理(It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed)；2 设计合成方法时应最大限度地使所使用的所有材料均转化至最终产品中(Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product)；3 设计合成方法时应最大限度地使用或产生无毒或毒性小地物质(Wherever practicable,synthetic methodologieo should be designed to use and generate substances that possese little or no toxicity to human health and the environment)； 4 设计化学品时应尽量保持其功效而降低其毒性(Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity)；5 尽量不用辅助剂，需要使用时应采用无毒物质(The use of auxiliary substances should be made unnecessary wherever possible and,innocuous when used)；6 能量使用应最小，并应考虑其会环境和经济的影响，合成方法应在常温、常压下操作(Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized.Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and presoure)；7 最大限度地使用可更新原料(A raw material of feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practicable)；8 尽量避免不必要的衍生步骤(Unnecessary derivization should be avoided whenever possible)；9 催化试剂优于化学计量试剂(Catalytic reagents are superior to stoichiometric reagent)；10 化学品应设计成使用后容易降解为无害物质(Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products)；11 分析方法应能真正实现在线监测，在有害物质形成前加以控制(Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time,in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances)；12 化工过程物质的选择与使用应使化学事故的隐患最小(Substances and the form of a subatance used in a chemical process should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents,including release,explosion,and fires)。减量——Reduction 减量是从省资源少污染角度提出的。①减少用量、在保护产量的情况下如何减少用量，有效途径之一是提高转化率、减少损 失率。②减少“三废”排放量。主要是减少废气、废水及废弃物（副产物）排放量，必须排放标准以下。 重复使用——Reuse 重复使用这是降低成本和减废的需要。诸如化学工业过程中的催化剂、载体等，从一开始就应考虑有重复使用的设计。回收——R