美国社会和文化名词解释-英汉互译.docxVIP

New England 新英格兰 Midwest中西部地区 Rocky Mountain 落基山脉 Great Plains 大平原 Statue of Liberty自由女神像 Wall Street华尔街 Rust Belt 铁锈地带 Grand Canyon大峡谷 Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥 Death Valley 死亡谷 Yellowstone National Park 黄石国家公园 Niagara Fall 尼亚加拉瀑布 Puritan清教徒 City upon the Hill 山巅之城 Exceptionalism 卓异论 potato famine 马铃薯大饥荒/土豆大饥荒 nativism 本土主义 xenophobia 仇外心理〔对外国人的强烈恐惧或憎恨〕 Catholicism 天主教 Protestantism 新教 individualism 个人主义 collectivism 集体主义 ethnic minority 少数民族/少数族裔 Asian Americans 亚裔美国人 Chinese Americans 华裔美国人 Gold Rush淘金热 Angel Island 天使岛 Chinese Exclusion Act 《排华法案》 1882 an exclusionary law against the Chinese naturalization 归化/入籍 Uncle Sam 山姆大叔 quota配额 yellow peril 黄祸 Chinatown 中国城/唐人街 Indian Americans 印度裔美国人 Filipino Americans 菲律宾裔美国人 national 国民 alien 外国人 model minority 模范少数族裔 a minority group in certain countries achieve a higher degree if socioeconomic success than population average. Hispanics 西班牙裔美国人 Latinos 拉丁裔/拉美裔美国人 Zero Tolerance 零容忍 birthright citizenship 出生公民权 anchor baby 锚定婴儿 federalism 联邦主义 A principle invented by the framer. Federalism refers to a dual form of government in which there is a functional and territorial division of authority. It refers to a political system in which there are local units of government, as well as a national government. unitary system 单一制 The most common form of political grouping like that of the Great Britain. Such a government has no autonomous units: the ultimate government authority rests in a central government. In such a situation, policies can be applied uniformly to the whole country. death penalty 死刑 grants-in-aid 财政补贴 Amendment to the Constitution 宪法修正案 Cabinet 内阁 vice president 副总统 presidential nomination 总统提名 legislative branch 立法部门 Congress 国会 A law-making body. Made up of a House of Representatives of 435 members and a Senate of 100 members. Discuss vote House of Representatives 众议院 Senate 参议院 Judicial Branch/Judiciary 司法部门 Courts —— supreme court courts of appeal an