垃圾分类“攻坚战”).docxVIP

7月1日，上海市正式开始实行《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》，上海居民迎来了史上最严垃圾分类措施。根据《条例》，人们要将垃圾按照干垃圾、湿垃圾、可回收垃圾和有害垃圾的标准进行分类投放，同时对没有将生活垃圾分类投放的个人可处以50至200元的罚款。在进行了20多年倡导工作后，上海市终于率先将垃圾分类纳入了法治框架。 阅读短文并回答问题 ?“What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about weary groans over the past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish. Violators?face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to 200?yuan?($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets. Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tonnes of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks a year. Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的）, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of ho