虚拟语气语法及试题.doc

. PAGE . 1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(一般形式) 虚拟语气一般表示不可能实现的愿望或者对既定事实的一种假设。 条件从句中的谓语动词的形式 主句中的谓语动词的形式 对现在虚拟 动词过去式（be动词用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形 对过去虚拟 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might + have+过去分词 对将来虚拟 1.动词过去式（be动词用were） should/would/could/might +动词原形 2.should+动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 3.were to+动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 注意：（1）主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would, could, might可用于任何人称，同可根据意思选择合适的情态动词。 (2)有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work. If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. (3) 若if从句中省略if，则前提were/ had/ should ，把它们倒装放到主语之前： Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come . 2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 （1）“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，“可惜…/悔不该…/但愿…”从句中谓语动词形式一般退后一个时态： 与现在事实相反：动词过去式 与过去事实相反: had + done 或could(would)+have +done 与将来事实相反： could/would/might + do 例如： I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. I wish we could go to the seaside today/tomorrow （2）某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式，“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:坚持insist;命令order, command ;建议suggest , advise, propose, recommend;要求demand, request, require, ask, desire, urge; 另外有: prefer, decide, maintain 注意: suggest表 “暗示”“表明” 时， insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气 He ordered/demanded/suggested that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 3.虚拟语气用于表语从句/同位语从句. 作advice / idea /order /demand /plan /proposal /suggestion /request/decision 等后面的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（ should ) + 动词原形” .例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should) do exercises first. 4. 虚拟语气用于主语从句。 基本句型： (1). It be+过去分词