英语语言学实用教程课件1_3unit.pptVIP

Assimilation rule A sound may change by assimilating/copying a feature of a sequential/neighboring sound, e.g. impossible, irresistible, illegal [in-] PP. 34-35 No. 5 Question: What other examples? sink /since pan cake sun glasses five past seven has to Deletion rule A sound may be deleted even though it may be orthographically represented. P. 35 No. 7 3.5 English Syllables syllable  onset rime nuclear coda  consonant(s) vowel consonant(s) 3.6 Stress, tone, and intonation Segmental phonology Suprasegmental phonology Suprasegmental phonemes: stress, tone and intonation Stress Word stress/sentence stress Primary stress/secondary stress Stress of compounds: ‵blackbird / black ‵bird; ‵greenhouse / green ‵ house Sentence stress Depending on the relative importance of the words; contrastive stress Practice Mark the stress pattern for the following two sentences: a. Jane is a good student that everybody likes. b. You use “the”, not “a”, before the name of a musical instrument. Tone (声调） Different rates of vibration produce different frequencies, which are termed as different pitches. Pitch variations are distinctive of meaning. In some languages like Chinese, pitch variations are called tones. Languages using tones are tone languages. Intonation When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence, they combine to become known as intonation. Three major types of English intonation: a. falling tone/tune b. rising tone/tune c. fall-rise tone/tune Practice Read the following paragraph, using the right intonation. Do you know how much college students sleep a night? Research finds that they sleep an average of six to seven hours a night. Last month, the University of Michigan held a national conference on sleep, stress, depression and college students. It was concluded that sleep deprivation can hurt