在可再生能源化工挑战.pptVIP

Challenges in the incoming energy scenario: role of chemical sciences SERGIO CARRA’ Mean global energy consumptions Total 13.8 TW, US 3.3 TW, Italy 0.25 TW The less expensive fossil sources represent the lion’s share! Than it appears that renewable resources will not play a large role in primary power generation unless, or until: . Cost breakthroughs in carbon-free technologies are achieved. . Externalities are introduced , such as environmentally driven carbon taxes. Actually also if there are reassuring resources of fossil fuels, geopolitical and regional factors can affect significantly the price of energy. Can we supply the energy needed in the future with fossil fuel? Quite probable yes. Current global energy consumption = 13.8 TW By 2050 consumption = 25 TW. Need abot 10 TW. Fossil fuels: Can produce extra 10 TW only at risk to environment. Wind/Geothermal/Biomass/Hydroelectric: Cannot produce 10 TW. (But should be implemented where appropriate: energy is extensive) Nuclear: Requires massive investment today to provide power plant infrastructure (10 TW = 10,000 new 1 GW reactors, in 50 years). The employment of geological reservoirs is potentially feasible but it arises problems for maintaining a low rate of of CO2 leaking. Besides for the cost of plants and infrastructures an increase of expences of 15% is predicted. In conclusion it appears to be a promising option with uncertainties in his : technical and economical ASPECTS. Carbon dioxide sequestration Renewable The total rate (TW) is shared between different categories: -hydroelectric 0.3 pv=1.5 -geothermal 0.03 pv=12 -eolic 0.074 pv=7 -biomass