学术英语科技文写作概述.pptVIP

Example: Difficult to understand: First, I removed the frog muscle and then I poured Ringer‘s solution on it. Next, I attached it to the kymograph. Improved: I removed the frog muscle and poured Ringers solution on it to prevent it from drying out. I then attached the muscle to the kymograph in order to determine the minimum voltage required for contraction. 3. Mathematical equations and statistical tests should be described in this section along with the actual experimental work. 4. Use active rather than passive voice when possible. Throughout the paper, avoid contractions, e.g. did not vs. didnt. Useful expressions : Experimental details Research procedure Model and methodology [meθ?′d?l?d?i] Implementation issues Design issues The field study Case study description(个案研究介绍) Experiment design The measurement process Results 1. All results should be presented, including those that do not support the hypothesis. 2. Statements made in the text must be supported by the results contained in figures and tables. 3. The results of statistical tests can be presented in parentheses following a verbal description. Example Incorrect: The results are given in Figure 1. Correct: Temperature was directly proportional to metabolic rate （新陈代谢率）(Fig. 1). Useful Expressions Numerical results Theoretical results Experimental results Simulation results (模拟结果) Measured performance Lessons learnt Performance Visual observation Discussion Contain at least: the relationship between the results and the original hypothesis. an integration of your results with those of previous studies in order to arrive at explanations for the observed phenomena. possible explanations for unexpected results and observations. Tips： Do not repeat detailed descriptions of the data and results in the Discussion. In some journals, Results and Discussions are joined in a single section. End the Discussion with a summary of the principal points you want the reader to remember. Useful Ex