线粒体与多潜能干细胞功能.pdf

Hereditas (Beijing) 2016 年 7 月, 38(7): 603―611 综 述 线粒体与多潜能干细胞功能 贾振伟 028043 摘要: 线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器，主要功能是通过氧化磷酸化为细胞生命活动提供能量。近年来，研究表 明，在多潜能干细胞（Pluripotent stem cells, PSCs ）中线粒体表现出独有的特征，即在多能性状态下，PSCs 主 要依靠糖酵解提供能量，其分化期间线粒体氧化磷酸化代谢能力逐渐增强。相反，体细胞重编程为多潜能干细 胞期间，线粒体氧化磷酸化向糖酵解途径的转变是其成功重编程必需的代谢过程。另外，线粒体通过生物合成 和形态结构的动态重塑维持了PSCs 多能性、诱导分化及诱导多能干细胞（Induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs ） 的重编程。因此，本文综述了PSCs 线粒体形态结构及其在调控PSCs 多能性、合成代谢、氧化还原状态的平 衡、分化及重新编程中的作用，为深入了解线粒体调控PSCs 功能的作用提供理论基础。 关键词: 线粒体；多潜能干细胞；多能性；分化；重编程 Mitochondria and pluripotent stem cells function Zhenwei Jia College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Univers ity for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028043, China Abstract: Mitochondria are important intracellular organelles which provide energy for cellular activities through oxida- tive phosphorylation. Recently, mitochondria have been shown to exhibit peculiar features in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), namely, PSCs rely mainly on glycolysis for energy supply in pluripotent states while mitochondrial oxidative phosphoryla- tion function is gradually enhanced during PSCs differentiation. In contrast, during somatic reprogramming, the metabolic transition from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is necessary for successful reprogramming. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are also actively involved in the maintenance of pluripotency, induction of differen- tiation and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming. Here we reviewed mitochondrial structure and function in regulating PSCs pluripotency, anabolism, redox homeostasis, differentiation, and reprogramming, which may provide reference for further understanding the role of mitochondria in PSCs. Keywords: mitochondrial; pluripotent stem cells; pluripotency; differentiation; reprogramming (Pluripotent stem cells,