三人眼视觉特性.ppt

要点： 人眼视觉 人眼非正常视觉 人眼错觉 人眼视觉 感光细胞(photoreceptor cells)： 杆状细胞(rod)：单色夜视 锥状细胞(cone)：彩色视觉 红(red) 绿(green) 蓝(blue) Primary Color 基色 人眼视觉 眼见为实？ 马赫带效应 Terms Photoreceptor cells:感光细胞 Rod: 杆状细胞 Cone: 锥状细胞 Retina: 视网膜 Iris: 虹膜 Fovea: 中央凹 Visual cortex: 视觉皮层 Which colored block appears the largest and which the smallest? Take a ruler and measure them, you may be surprised at what you find. I hope you measured the blocks. If you did you will have noticed that they are all the same size. Why then do they appear to increase in size as they get further away? Think about it. Maybe you can guess why. Take close look at the pattern on the floor, walls and ceiling. Can you see how they tend to converge on to a common point in the distance? This is called perspective. The further way objects are the smaller the visual angle they subtend on the retina. However, if you were actually standing in the hallway containing the blocks the floor pattern and those on the walls and ceiling would not seem to converge. Another example is when you stand in the middle of rail road tracks (beware of trains) the parallel tracks continue to appear parallel for a long way into the distance even though they project onto your retina in perspective. Artists are well aware of perspective and use it to create the impression of distance in their painting and drawings. You undoubtedly saw a square figure which had a small rather light square area in the center and increasingly darker perimetric strips extending to the edge. You probably also saw bright arms radiating diagonally out from the center.? This figure was adapted from a chromatic version designed by V. Vasarely (Arcturus (1970) as reported in Hurvich, 1981. These brighter diagonal areas are physically not in the figure. That is to say, if you were to use a light measuring instrument (a photometer) and measure the amount of light coming from any of the concentric perimetric strips you would find that the same amount