基于GIS与QuickBird影像的小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价.docVIP

基于GIS 与QuickBird 影像的小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价 潘竟虎1 , 董晓峰2 (1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃兰州 730070; 2. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000 摘要:基于G IS 技术和Q u i ckB ird 遥感影像, 采用修正的通用土壤流失方程RU SLE 作为评价模型, 计算了清水沟小流域土壤侵蚀量, 并结合土壤侵蚀强度分级标准, 生成流域土壤侵蚀强度等级图; 利用G IS 的叠置分析功能, 定量分析了土壤侵蚀与坡度和土地利用之间的关系, 并针对不同水保措施预测了水土保持治理效果。结果表明:清水沟小流域土壤侵蚀模数为75. 02t #hm -2#a -1, 属强度侵蚀区, 年水土流失量2. 6@104t ; 流域64. 5%的泥沙来自于占流域面积仅28%的极强度和剧烈侵蚀区域; 经分析, 流域土壤侵蚀模数与坡度呈显著正相关, 不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀模数大小排序依次为:难利用地建设用地坡耕地园地草地林地; 退耕还林是降低土壤侵蚀强度与减少水土流失量的主要途径。 关键词:土壤侵蚀; 土壤流失方程; Q u i ckB ird 影像; 小流域; 遥感 中图分类号:S157. 1; Q 149 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-4831(2006 02-0001-05 G IS -and -Q u ickB ird -Based Q uan titative A ssess m ent of Soil E rosion i n S m all W atershed . PAN J ing-hu 1, D ONG X i ao-f eng 2(1. Co lleg e o f G eograph ic and Env iron m en tal Sc i ence , N orthwest N o r m al U n i versity , Lanzhou 730070, Ch i na ; 2. College o f R esou rce and Env ironmenta l Sc i ence , L anzhou U niversity , L anz hou 730000, Ch i na Abstract :So il and w ater l oss unde r m ines g rave l y the susta i nab le deve l op m ent o f the reg i on . Based on the techno logy of G IS and Q u i ckB ird re m ote -sensi ng i m age , vo l u m e o f the so il erosi on i n the wa ters hed of Q i ngshu i gou was eva l uated , us i ng the rev ised un i ve rsal so il loss equa ti on(RU SLE. R e l a tionsh i ps o f so il erosion w ith l and use and l and sl ope grad i ent w ere ana l yzed by m eans o f spatial ove rlay of GR ID . O n s uch a basis , e ffecti v e counter m easures for contro lli ng t he so il eros i on w ere discussed . R esults show that the annua l average vo lu m e of so il e rosion i n Q i ngshu i gou w ate rshed reached 75. 02t #h m -2#a -1, wh ich is i n the range o f i ntensive eros i on . A so il ero si on intensity m ap w as thus obta i ned based on c l assif-i ca ti on o f so il e rosion i n tensity , show ing about 28%of the w atershed suffers ser i ous so il ero si on , w i th sedi m ent be i ng h i gher than 16780t #a -1and contr i buted 64. 5% t o t he wa