航海英语三副题库注释.pptVIP

0574 0597 0624 0651 A vertical open faced diamond shape to mean danger. A vertical open faced diamond shape having a cross centered in the diamond to mean that a vessel is excluded from the marked area. A circular shape to mean that a vessel operated in the marked area is subject to certain operating restrictions. A square or rectangular shape with directions or information lettered on the inside. 0654 0659-PFD 0668 0674 0678 0739 0741 0763 FLOATING LOG FENDERS (CAMELS) a. Floating logs absorb part of the impact when a ship is berthed. They protect the surface of fender piles while the ship is tied up. The simplest type of fender is a single line of floating logs. Each log is secured by two or more lengths of 1/2-inch galvanized chain fastened to 3/4-inch eyebolts in the fender log and wharf pile. Some arrangements, such as loose steel collars around the wharf piles, permit the floating logs to rise and fall with the tide. b. Floating clusters of logs or strongly constructed rafts are called camels. They absorb impact shock and protect fender piles from the sliding friction of a ship moving in the berth. Camels may breast a ship off the face of the wharf into water deeper than that at the face. 0761 PILE MOORING DOLPHINS a. General. Dolphins are independent marine structures for mooring ships. They consist of a group of timber piles bound at the top with cable or wire. The term dolphin also refers to any other structure that serves the same purpose. Successful designs include sheet pile cells, single large-diameter steel piles like those employed with the DeLong Barge, and clusters of small-diameter steel pipe. b. Construction of timber pile cluster dolphins. (1) Basic considerations. Normally driven small end downward, there are times when timber piles should be driven butt down. Factors influencing this decision are: length of pile, depth of water, and type of soil. Short piles driven into shallow water with a hard bottom may be driven with the butt end