医学英语术语-肿瘤医学（讲义）.pdf

微信公众号：Tina 空中微课堂 知识需要传播与分享 Medical English Terminology 医学英语术语学 Cancer Medicine 肿瘤医学 Handout 讲义 知识需要传播与分享 Knowledge worth sharing and spreading 1- Tina 空中微课堂 获取最实惠最全医学资料QQ群：194903823 微信公众号：Tina 空中微课堂 知识需要传播与分享 27- Cancer Medicine-Oncology (1) 肿瘤医学 (1) Carciogenesis 肿瘤形成 Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal and excessive growth of cells in the body. Cancer cells accumulate as growths called malignant tumors that compress, invade, and ultimately destroy the surrounding normal tissue. In addition to their local growth, cancerous cells spread throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels. 癌症是一种由机体内细胞异常和过度生长所致的疾病。肿瘤细胞不断积聚生长，被称为恶性肿瘤， 它们压迫、入侵、最后破坏周围正常组织。除了局部生长，癌细胞通过血液或淋巴管扩散至身体其 它部位。 The three components which have improved survival in cancer are as follows:  Prevention – by reduction of risk factors like tobacco and alcohol consumption  Early diagnosis – screening of common cancers, comprehensive diagnosis and staging  Treatment – multimodality management 提高癌症生存的三个方法  预防-减少危险因素：吸烟、酒精  早期诊断-筛查常见肿瘤、全面诊断和分期  治疗-多种方法综合管理 Tumor (neoplasms)  Benign 良性─Slowly growing 生长缓慢─Encapsulated noninvasive 有包膜、无侵袭─Well- differentiated 分化良好─ Nonmetastatic 不转移  Malignant 恶性─Rapidly growing 生长迅速─Invasive and infiltrative 侵袭和浸润─Anaplastic and undifferentiated 不分化─Metastatic 转移的 Intact skin surface 皮肤表面完整 Expansive growth 膨胀性生长 capsule 有包膜 homogeneous 切面呈均质性 invasive growth 浸润性生长 ulceration of skin 皮肤表面溃疡 lymphatic invasion 淋巴浸润 blood invasion 血管浸润 hemorrhage 出血 necrosis 坏死 inhomogeneous cut surface 切面异质性 Homo/same: homogeneity 同质的