定语从句上课.docVIP

定语从句 （一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语） 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。 （二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译） （三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1、that与which的区别。 1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …； ②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰； ③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 2）用which而不用 that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。 3）as引导定语从句时的用法 ①such+名词+as…“像……一样的”“像……之类” the same +名词+as … “和……同样的” 其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语，宾语或表语。如: We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as作主语) Such people as you describe are thought to be fools nowadays. (as作宾语) He is not the same man as he was. (as 作表语) …such as… such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”， as 在从句中担当成分，修饰先行词such. 如： This book is not such as I expect. (as 作宾语) 4）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 ①as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。 通常用下列句型： as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone. =Edison invented the