神经系统疾病PPT课件.pptVIP

合并症 I. Brain edema 脑水肿 Vasogenic edema 血管源性脑水肿 Cyotoxic edema 细胞毒性脑水肿 脑实质组织中液体贮积过多 分型： 肉眼： W , V , 脑回宽、脑沟窄, 脑室缩小, The surface of the brain with cerebral edema demonstrates widened gyri with a flattened surface. The sulci are narrowed. 056 脑水肿 Vasogenic edema 原因：毛细血管内皮受损，血脑屏障发生障碍 形态：细胞外间隙及血管周隙扩大， 常见于：脑肿瘤、出血、创伤及炎症 脑水肿 Cyotoxic edema 原因：细胞能量代谢障碍，细胞内钠水潴留 形态：细胞肿胀，细胞内水肿, 常见于：缺血和中毒 Neuronal vacuolation 合并症 II. Hydrocephalus 脑积水 常见于：先天性畸形，炎症、外伤、 肿瘤、出血等 原因：脑脊液循环的通路被阻断 脑脊液产生和吸收异常 脑脊液量增多伴脑室扩张 * * * * A 86 Compression due to chronic subdural hematoma This section is at the level of the interventricular foramen. The chronic subdural hematoma has been removed. The outer surface of the compressed left cerebral hemisphere is concave compared to the convex configuration of the right side. In addition, a marked midline shift is evidenced by herniation of the left cingulate gyrus, displacement of the ventricular system and transtentorial herniation. * A 42 Arnold-Chiari malformation There is necrosis of the cerebellar tonsils, elongation and an S-shaped deformity of the medulla and compression of the fourth ventricle into a slitlike space. * * A 54 Glioblastoma mutiforme A large, hemorrhagic, necrotic, poorly outlined mass is in the left temporal lobe. The brain is severely swollen and has transtentorial herniations, more severe on the left side. As in this case, uncal herniation is only a part of transtentorial herniation; the posterior portion of the hippocampus is more extensively herniated, compressing and distorting the midbrain. * 神经系统疾病 引言 神经系统的功能和结构 中枢神经: 脑、脊髓、脑脊膜 脑实质：灰质和白质， 脑室：脑脊液 神经元（神经纤维）、胶质细胞（胶质纤维） 小胶质细胞 周围神经: 神经纤维、髓鞘、神经膜 植物神经: 神经节 cerebellum Betz cell Nissl小体 引言神经系统疾病的特点 定位与定性： 1）病变定位与功能障碍之间关系密切 2）相