2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：提升公务员工作动力..pdfVIP

2016 考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章 :提升公务员工作动力 每年考研英语阅读篇章很多都取材于经济学人 ,因此 2016 年考研复习之初 ,一定 要从基础打好 ,稳扎稳打。下面分享《经济学人》文章 ,希望大家能够多看、多练 ,提 升阅读能力 ! 2016 考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章 :提升公务员工作动力 Reforming Leviathan 处于改革浪潮中的庞大机构 Mandarin lessons 政府官员的经验之谈 Governments need to rethink how they reward andmotivate civil servants 政府需要重新思考如何去奖励和提升公务员的工作动力。 THE French call them hauts fonctionnaires, theGermans Beamte im h?heren Dienst and the British, somewhat more economically, know themas “mandarins ”. The senior echelons of civil services are a powerful arm of the state. Theyimplement the reforms dreamed up by politicians, and design public services ranging fromwelfare systems to prisons. Compared with private-sector bosses, the bureaucrats who managethe public sector tend to be less well paid but have more cushioned lives, with more securejobs and far less pressure to improve productivity. Now the mandarins face change. 法语中称呼他们为官方人员 ,德语叫做高级公务员 ,英国则各位简短称呼公务员 为政界要员。公务员的高层人员是国家的一个强大的臂膀。他们实现政客对于改革 的设想 ,并构思计划公共服务 ,涵盖面从福利制度到监狱。与私营部门的老板相比 ,负 责管理公共部门的官员往往不太高薪 ,但拥有更多的缓冲生活 ,更安全的工作 ,对于提 高工作效率方面 ,其承受的压力远不如私营老板。现在的政府高级官员们面临着改 变。 There has long been taxpayer fury when big projects go awry. Berlins new airport is threeyears overdue and predicted to cost 6 billion (8.1 billion, three times the original estimate.But voters, and thus politicians, are especially intolerant of civil-service inefficiency nowadays.One prompt is austerity. Another is technology, which is changing not only how public servicesare delivered—think of “massively open online courses ” in education— but also the way they canbe measured. Social networks enable users to grumble about hospital waiting-times andmathematics results. Perhaps the biggest pressure is the passing of time: private-sectorworkers are incredulou