学术英语如何写好摘要How to Write an Abstract备课讲稿.pptVIP

E. Use comma or semicolon to separate the keywords, and larger separation or space can also be used instead of those two kinds of punctuation. Conclusion 摘要是整个论文的缩影, 读者可以通过它看到论文的梗概;关键词则是这个缩影的“主线条”,读者从中可以找到论文的主题. 摘要虽然放在论文正文之前, 然而撰写摘要必须在论文正文完成之后才能进行; 摘要必须忠实于论文的内容,反映论文的主题,勾划出论文的主要观点; 摘要必须文字精炼, 简明扼要. The Sample 1 of ABSTRACT This paper reports a longitudinal study（纵向调查） on the changes in speaking vocabulary by English majors through four years’ learning, which was then compared with the native speakers’ performance./ The English learners involved in the study were56 students who were enrolled in a university in 2001./They were asked to complete an oral task by producing a three-minute monologue after three minutes’ preparation in a language lab./ The native speakers were 15 American college students who accomplished the same task as the English learners./The developmental changes were measured in terms of three indexs: fluency ,word variations and lexical frequency profile. / How to Write an Abstract I. Definition of abstract II. Function of abstract III. Contents of abstract IV. Suggestions for abstract writing V. Keywords writing contents I. What is an abstract ? Abstract is a short description of the entire paper that appears right at the beginning of the body part and it is often regarded as the most important component in a research paper. II. What is the function of an abstract ? An abstract is used by potential readers（潜在读者） to determine its relevance to their interest and finally to decide whether or not he/she needs to read the entire paper. III. Contents of abstract Topic specification 主题说明 Background information 背景信息 Purpose statement 目的陈述 Methodology and data 方法与数据 Results/findings 研究结果 Implication/Conclusion 结论 The 3 Key Elements in an Abstract A. The statement of purpose about your research; B. The method of your research; C. The conclusion of your re