2.有机半导体的基本知识.docVIP

有机电子学系列讲座 (2): 有机半导体的基础知识 Zhu Furong (朱福荣) Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University 2015年7月21日,吉林大学 Outline: 1. Introduction (基础科学和新兴技术) 2. Fundamentals (有机半导体的基础知识) 3. Transparent electrode (透明电极) 4. Organic light-emitting diodes (有机电致发光二极管) 5. Organic photovoltaic devices (有机光伏) 6. Organic thin film transistors (有机薄膜晶体管) 7. Applications (有机光电器件的应用) 8. OLED application - Opportunities challenges (有机电致发光二极管的应用 - 机遇与挑战) 2 Fundamentals ? Organic semiconductors – Bonding, electronic structure of ?-conjugated materials and electronic processes – Excitons, energy transfer – OLED, OSC and OTFT materials ? Charge transport properties – Charge mobility measurement techniques – Charge transport models 3 Band model Energy band is formed by bringing together isolated silicon atoms. 4 Band model Conduction band LUMO Bandgap Valence band HOMO HOMO: Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital LUMO: Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital 5 ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ Carbon: 1s 22s22p2 22s22p2 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz Structure determinates the properties ? Graphite – arranged in sheets, soft conductor sp2 ? Graphene – graphite layer ? Diamond sp3 – arranged in crystals, hard insulator 12 pentagons + 20 hexagons ? Fullerene – Insulator ? Carbon nanotube – Metallic semiconductor properties 6 ? and ? bonds in organic semiconductors 2s, 2px, 2py: coplanar sp2 hybridization 2pz: orthogonal Formation of π bond 7 Electronic structure of ?-conjugated materials ? Most optoelectronic/luminescent organic semiconductors are ?- conjugated compounds. ? They consist of alternate single and double carbon-carbon bonds. ? If the position of the single and double can be exchanged without disturbing the overall bonding requirement, the polymer is called ?-conjugated polymer. ? Carbon-carbon double bonds are formed when two of the three 2p orbitals on each carbon atom combine with the 2s orbital to form three sp2 “hybrid” orbitals. ? They form three ? mol