一个传感器网络调查.pptVIP

* * 一個傳感器網絡調查 Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, and Erdal Cayirci Georgia Institute of Technology Report： yan yi li From:IEEE Communications Magazine ? August 2002. * * 大綱 Introduction 感測網路的通訊體系架構 Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Application 結論 * * Introduction Application areas: Health, military, home, and commercial The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks: The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network can be several orders of magnitude higher than the nodes in an ad hoc network. Density of deployment Probability of failure Change of topology Hardware constraint * * 感測網路的通訊架構 感測器節點通常分散於感測領域 這些分散的每一個感測器節點都有能力去收集數據資料並且回傳路由數據到接收端. 接收端可以通過網路或是衛星和事件管理者做通訊. * * 感測網路設計的影響因素 including fault tolerance Scalability production costs operating environment sensor network topology hardware constraints transmission media power consumption * * 硬體的限制 * * 感測網路通訊架構 Used by the sink and sensor nodes * * 實體層 頻率選擇，載波頻率的產生，信號檢測，調變以及數據加密 915 MHz ISM頻帶已被廣泛提出的感測網路 Industrial, scientific,medical 追求的能量使用效率 二進制和多進制調變 (超寬頻) UWB 無線電脈衝 (IR) 基頻 不需要媒介或者是載波頻率 脈衝位置調變(PPM) 較低的傳輸電力和簡單的收發器 * * 實體層 Open research issues: Modulation schemes Simple and low-power Strategies to overcome signal propagation effects Hardware design Tiny, low-power, low-cost transceiver, sensing, and processing units need to be designed. * * 資料鏈結層 Responsibility: Multiplexing of data streams Data frame detection Medium access control Error control * * 資料鏈結層 Open research issues: MAC for mobile sensor networks SMACS and EAR Determination of lower bounds on the energy required for sensor network self-organization Error control coding schemes Power-saving modes of operation Turn the transceiver off when idle Using short data packets * * 網路層 Designed according to the following principles: Power efficiency Data-centric No hinder the collaborative effort An ideal sensor network has attribute-based addressing and location awareness * * 網路層 Route 1: Sink-A-B-T, total PA=4