2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“在线出版”.docxVIP

2008 Text2 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors ’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher , and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.  review. 原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。 straightforward  [streitf  ? :w ?d]  adj.  简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：  a straightforward process  简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。 【例】 American speech is remarkably straightforward.  美国人的语言非常直率。 affiliation [ ?filiei ? ?n] n. 隶属关系；隶属，从属。 【例】 Ethnic character , background, or affiliation.  属于少数民族种族特性、背景或关系 No longer . ①The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far , made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor . 现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府 投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展组织近日发布一项调查，描 述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的 John Houghton 和经合组织的 Graham Vickery 联合完成这一报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。 endeavor [indev ?] n. v. 努力 ,尽力 , 竭力 ,力图 , 试图 【例】 we endeavor to make our customers happy. 我们努力使客户满意。 1. The Internet – and pressure from funding agenc